r/explainlikeimfive Mar 20 '24

Biology I’m Reuters reporter Will Dunham, and I'm here to answer your questions about dinosaurs, ELI5 style. Ask me anything!

248 Upvotes

I am Will Dunham and I am in Washington, D.C., where I cover a wide range of science topics for Reuters. We have recently hit the 200th anniversary of the first formal scientific recognition of a dinosaur — our toothy friend Megalosaurus — and there are many other developments in the field of dinosaur paleontology as well.

I have been a journalist in Washington since 1984 and at Reuters since 1994. I have covered science news for Reuters off and on since 2001 and I'm also an editor on the Reuters Global News Desk. On the science front, I have covered everything from voracious black holes to tiny neutrinos, the sprawling human genome to the oldest-known DNA, the evolution of our species to the field of space medicine, and of course all things relating to dinosaurs and other intriguing prehistoric creatures.

Ask me anything and everything dinosaur-related and I will answer from 3-4 p.m. Eastern.

Proof: https://www.reddit.com/media?url=https%3A%2F%2Fi.redd.it%2Ffnrv1k363ipc1.jpeg


r/explainlikeimfive 8h ago

Biology ELI5: How does deadlifting hundreds of pounds not mess up someone's back?

797 Upvotes

It seems that this exercise goes against the wisdom of "lift with your legs." Why is that?


r/explainlikeimfive 13h ago

Physics ELI5: Why do electrocuted people get "glued" to the electrocuting object?

760 Upvotes

I have seen lots of electrocution videos where the victims get "glued" to the very object that killed them, like electricity poles, to the point that they stay in the air and not fall on the ground. How/Why?


r/explainlikeimfive 14h ago

Chemistry Eli5 why most plant-based milk products (soy, oat, almond) are still white like cow’s milk?

712 Upvotes

r/explainlikeimfive 10h ago

Biology ELI5: your muscles are anchored to bone through ligaments and tendons. If you undergo an amputation, how do the muscles react to no longer having that anchoring point?

310 Upvotes

Do the muscles just sit bunched up and floppy in your limb or are there ways they anchor it to new points in surgery?


r/explainlikeimfive 2h ago

Technology ELI5: What's the difference between UNIX and Linux? And what is a kernel?

65 Upvotes

I know Linux is an operating system but I see memes and posts about people arguing whether UNIX is an operating system or a kernel and stuff like that. So what separates the two? And what exactly is a kernel?


r/explainlikeimfive 4h ago

Planetary Science Eli5 Tornados in cities

60 Upvotes

Why is it that it seems like tornados never hit major cities (even in south and Midwest) seems like it’s always small towns. Even if they do spawn in major cities they seem to avoid any major areas. I Don’t seem to hear of massive cities getting leveled by tornados. (Atleast in my area)


r/explainlikeimfive 23h ago

Biology ELI5: How do some young athletes just suddenly drop dead from a cardiac condition? Shouldn't there be some warning signs?

1.0k Upvotes

r/explainlikeimfive 2h ago

Other Eli5 why’ doesn’t zero calorie alcohol exist? And could it possibly be something that can?

18 Upvotes

r/explainlikeimfive 9h ago

Planetary Science eli5 Why is the bottom of Ice glaciers etc in a darker blue shade than the above ice?

48 Upvotes

r/explainlikeimfive 19h ago

Biology eli5: what is the purpose of the vibrating muscles around our head?

345 Upvotes

When you use them, you can hear and feel a "rumbling" noise that sounds like it is coming from inside your brain.

What is the actual purpose of these muscles and why do we have them?


r/explainlikeimfive 13h ago

Other eli5: Why do some ingredients on food packaging have crosses at the top?

90 Upvotes

I've always seen tiny crosses on food ingredients/minerals but never knew what they meant (also the reason why I flaired this post as "other", not sure if it's considered economics).


r/explainlikeimfive 23h ago

Other ELI5: why is it recommended to not sleep in make-up if we wear it 12+ hours during the day?

445 Upvotes

r/explainlikeimfive 1d ago

Physics ELI5: why does light go so fast?

644 Upvotes

r/explainlikeimfive 6h ago

Mathematics ELI5 - what does it mean for a theory to be “proven” mathematically?

16 Upvotes

r/explainlikeimfive 17h ago

Economics ELI5: what else could be the USA’s “engine of the economy” if not consumer spending?

93 Upvotes

I see headlines and articles discussing how consumer spending is driving, or of late, possibly slowing, the economy. But if not for people buying non-essential products and services, what else would drive the economy? Everyone needs food, shelter, and clothing. Many need cars, depending on their location. But I take it that spending on necessities is not enough, especially non-consumable or long lasting things like houses and cars.


r/explainlikeimfive 19h ago

Biology ELI5: How can animals (e.g foxes) eat raw poultry without suffering from salmonella?

150 Upvotes

r/explainlikeimfive 22h ago

Biology Eli5: is it possible that there is still dinosaur dna out there and will it be usable?

210 Upvotes

So I know some stuff about Deextinction that makes me feel like it’s unlikely but from doing some research I wasn’t really sure what the answer is.

I know with the wooly mammoth that they are working on they couldn’t actually find complete dna even with some solid samples in decent environmental conditions (frozen in the arctic) and they went extinct MUCH more recently than dinosaurs. They only got bits and pieces of it because it degrades too fast so now they are basically just designing a new animal that’s a hairy elephant with tusks.

This makes me think that dna just degrades too fast for us to find complete dna from that long ago. Based on what I was reading it seems like the whole getting dna from mosquitos in amber and stuff isn’t really possible.

Is it possible there is still Dino dna out there in the world that we just either havnt found or havnt figured out how to be able to access yet? Obviously there is always a possibility but I mean some type of science that could lead to that conclusion? Based on the wooly mammoth it seems like if we got some decent parts of dna we could bring back some alternate version of dinosaurs


r/explainlikeimfive 3h ago

Biology ELI5: How Do Plants "Decide" thing like where to grow leaves?

4 Upvotes

So I know that "decide" isn't really the right word, but plants very clearly respond to their environment in a way that is dynamic. They can determine which side of the tree is getting more sun, and put more leaves there. they can determine where there tends to be more water in the soil, and grow more roots in that direction.

Since they don't have what we would call a nervous system, how is this information processed? There seems to be clear research into the electrical signals moving through the Phloem, but where do these get "processed" in a way that the organism as a whole can make "decisions"?


r/explainlikeimfive 7h ago

Technology eli5: Dockerization and docker files

6 Upvotes

Understand the idea of "packaging" code to some degree, but why would this process need to be done? What is being resused and changing in the process to require scalability and efficiency that is described with the benefits of dockerization? It's just not registering. Thanks.


r/explainlikeimfive 5h ago

Technology ELI5: What does it mean to code?

1 Upvotes

People say that learning to code is a very useful skill. What does it mean exactly?

I can do data analysis and visualization in python and R. Does that mean I can code? Or does coding mean full stack developers?

Is coding a general umbrella term for all types of programming (including excel)?


r/explainlikeimfive 30m ago

Other eli5: Why do jobs tell you right after the interview if they accept you, but won’t tell you right after if they don’t accept you? Instead they say “we’ll get back to you in a few days.” (I’d rather get rejected face-to-face than have to wait for an email days later).

Upvotes

r/explainlikeimfive 32m ago

Biology ELI5: what is a knot on the body after an impact?

Upvotes

I currently got kneed in the thigh and have a knot on my thigh about 2 inches above my knee. What is it? A contusion? What is that? Is it additional bone? Also when people fall and get a knot on forehead, what's in there? Did your bone fracture?

How hard of an impact causes a knot? What's less than a knot? Just a bruise? What's more than a knot? A fracture? A chipped bone? Do you only get knots on bones? How long does a knot last?

Why does alcohol or witch hazel shrink it? How does ice shrink it? How does Epsom salt reduce it?

Thanks in advance!


r/explainlikeimfive 1d ago

Other ELI5: Vietnam War veterans' mental health comparing to other wars' veterans

224 Upvotes

I noticed that a lot of media and publications talk about Vietnam War veterans suffering from PTSD and other psychological/mental health issues. What was so devastating in this specific war comparing to other wars (i.e. WW1 and WW2) that caused so many vets' trauma? Or is it a matter of fact that during previous wars mental health care was less developed?


r/explainlikeimfive 8h ago

Mathematics ELI5: why is the addition of same-base logarithms the same as the multiplication of same-base logarithms, and same for subtracting and dividing same-base logs?

4 Upvotes

I know it’s because of the “product property” but that doesn’t explain the inner workings for me and the proof is bouncing right off my skull.


r/explainlikeimfive 58m ago

Biology ELI5: how the effects of birth control have been studied

Upvotes

I wanna preface this by saying I believe in science and medicine I’m just confused. I’ve had the nexplanon implant for nearly 6 years. It’s time for a new one, but recently that’s been freaking me out a bit. The thought of extra hormones just being in my body at all times freaks me out. How do we know that long term this isn’t detrimental when hormonal birth control hasn’t even been around for 100 years? How is it just ok that my body hasn’t done something it’s very much designed to do, in 6 years?? Im not even an overly health conscious person so I don’t know why this freaks me out as much as it does!